Month: November 2024

Cancer is one of the world’s most deadly diseases, but it can also be one of the most treatable. It takes many forms and is often found at early stages, when it’s easier to treat. In fact, cancer deaths are dropping yearly. Researchers are also making steady progress in finding new and better treatments. In the early 1900s, doctors realized that some abnormal tissue masses – called tumors – could grow and spread, invading and destroying surrounding tissues. These cells are sometimes malignant (cancerous), which means they can destroy the body’s normal functions, causing pain and even death. The disease usually starts in the cells, which are made up of protein molecules that make up the organs and tissues of the body. Cells are programmed to grow and change as they reproduce, but if the genetic material that controls these processes is damaged, a mutation may occur. A mutation can alter the instructions that control how and when cells divide or how they repair themselves after damage. Over time, these mutations can accumulate and transform healthy cells into precancerous or cancerous ones. Cancer cells can also break away from the original tumor and travel to other parts of the body via the blood or lymph system, where they can grow and cause symptoms in those organs or tissues. Scientists now understand more about how cancer cells develop and spread. They know that the mutations are not random, but happen over time and result from natural selection resulting from the interaction of genes and their environment. These changes, called driver mutations, are what causes the abnormal growth and spread of cancer cells and their subsequent invasion of and destruction of normal tissue. Researchers also know that there are some things that increase your risk of getting cancer, like smoking or being exposed to certain types of radiation or chemicals. You can lower your risk of getting cancer by taking good care of yourself and being screened for it regularly, as advised by your doctor. This includes eating a healthy diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables and whole grains and exercising regularly. Keeping to a healthy weight, not smoking, and being immunized with vaccines can also help reduce your risk of getting cancer. Scientists don’t yet know exactly what causes most cancers, but there is growing evidence that lifestyle choices and genetics play a role. Smoking, for example, increases the risk of lung cancer. Regular screening tests can detect cancers at an early stage when they’re most treatable.

Medical is the study of diseases and treatment of health problems. It is a diverse field with many different specialties, from pathology to pharmacology, from radiology to urology. The information published in medical journals is meant to help doctors, scientists, and medical students understand the latest research on a disease or treatment. While these articles are written for a highly specialized audience, they can also be useful to anyone who is curious about a particular health condition or treatment. The jargon used in medical studies and articles can seem overwhelming to those not familiar with it. It is important for students in allied healthcare fields to become comfortable with medical terminology and how to deconstruct unfamiliar terms. Deconstructing a medical term involves identifying its word parts: a prefix, the medical root word, and a suffix. The medical root word is the central meaning of a medical term; the prefix comes before it and typically indicates a division or part of that central meaning; the suffix comes after the medical root word and modifies the meaning as it relates to an object, process, or person. Understanding the rules for constructing words in medicine can make medical terminology easier to decipher. While some medical words may seem unfamiliar, they follow the same construction rules as all language. For example, the prefix “a-” means without and is frequently combined with a word root to indicate a lack of something, such as “aortic dissection.” Other words in the medical field are intuitive based on common sense or familiarity. For instance, most people know that cardiovascular exercise is a good thing to do for the heart; this word gets its roots from a Latin phrase that means “to cover with skin.” Other intuitive words include hematology (related to blood), rheumatology (related to arthritis and inflammation), and zoonotic disease (relative to infectious disease spread between animals and humans). For students who are interested in a career in allied healthcare fields, learning medical terminology is a must. Understanding how to deconstruct medical terms and the underlying structure of these words can make it much easier to understand complex articles and study for medical tests and certifications. It is recommended that students review medical articles from a variety of sources, including medical journals, in order to get familiar with the types of information that are included in these publications. In addition, a number of medical journals create special departments to attract certain kinds of articles that require specific formats or subject matter. For example, the Journal of the American Medical Association has a department that publishes articles related to pharmaceuticals. Other journals may have a department that focuses on diagnostic imaging, like an MRI or CT scan.

Health is a complex concept with many dimensions. Historically, the focus of health has been on sickness and disease and its prevention through medical and public health care. This approach has contributed to the improvement of life expectancy but has often overlooked other important aspects of health such as mental and social wellbeing. There are multiple definitions of health ranging from a precise biomedical or physical definition (absence of negative biologic circumstances such as altered DNA, abnormal physiologic states, abnormal anatomy, disease, disability or death) to the broad definition used by the World Health Organization: “A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” The current understanding of health reflects a move away from narrow medical and clinical perspectives to one that encompasses the range of human experiences. While this broader perspective challenges traditional health policy and practice, it also offers new opportunities for promoting good health. It is also a more powerful tool for improving health outcomes and increasing people’s sense of control over their lives. A person’s health is determined by a multitude of factors including genetics, environmental influences and lifestyle choices. The contribution of each of these factors to a person’s health can vary widely and may even change over time as individuals adapt to their environment. For example, a person who eats a healthy diet and exercises regularly may experience a heart attack or become anemic as their body adjusts to living at sea level rather than the higher altitude of their former home. Despite these complex and interrelated factors, there are a number of common elements that have been identified as essential for good health. These include: The current view of Health is a process based on a balance between internal and external resources and adaptation to changing circumstances. In the context of health services, this has implications for both how we measure and how we provide support to improve health outcomes. For example, while it is important to have accurate data about the status of a person’s health today, it is equally important to understand how this has changed over the course of their lifetime and what may be driving those changes. This requires measurement approaches that use a combination of contemporary and time series data. It also requires a greater emphasis on understanding the impact of a wide variety of determinants on health, and recognizing that individual responses to these will be largely unique and variable.

Togel Kamboja telah menjadi salah satu permainan lotere yang paling populer di kalangan penggemar judi di Indonesia. Dengan keluaran dan pengeluaran yang rutin, banyak pemain berharap untuk mendapatkan nomor keberuntungan mereka melalui situs togel Kamboja. Setiap harinya, informasi mengenai nomor Kamboja hari ini dapat diakses, memberikan peluang bagi para pemain untuk mengetahui hasil undian terbaru dan menganalisis data sebelumnya. Dalam panduan ini, kami akan mengulas segala hal yang perlu Anda ketahui tentang togel Kamboja. Kami akan membahas keluaran Kamboja, data cambodia, serta live draw cambodia yang menampilkan hasil undian secara langsung. Tidak hanya itu, kami juga akan menyajikan informasi mengenai cambodia pools dan situs togel Kamboja terpercaya, sehingga Anda dapat bermain togel dengan lebih aman dan nyaman. Mari kita simak informasi lengkapnya! Keluaran Togel Kamboja Hari Ini Keluaran togel Kamboja hari ini menjadi salah satu informasi yang dinanti-nanti oleh para pemain togel. Setiap hasil keluaran memberikan harapan dan peluang bagi pemain untuk meraih kemenangan. Di Kamboja, pengeluaran angka dilakukan secara rutin dan diumumkan secara langsung, memberikan transparansi bagi semua pemain. Dengan adanya live draw, para pemain dapat menyaksikan hasilnya secara langsung, menjadikan pengalaman bermain lebih menarik. Pada hari ini, nomor keluaran Kamboja telah diumumkan, dan para pemain dapat mencocokkan angka yang mereka pasang dengan nomor yang keluar. Data pengeluaran yang akurat sangat penting untuk analisis dan strategi permainan selanjutnya. Setiap hasil pengeluaran membentuk pola yang sering dieksplorasi oleh pemain untuk meningkatkan peluang menang di pengeluaran yang akan datang. Situs togel Kamboja juga sering memperbarui informasi mengenai keluaran terbaru. Dengan adanya data yang lengkap, pemain dapat menyusun statistik dan mempersiapkan angka-angka yang lebih baik untuk dipasang di permainan selanjutnya. Pastikan untuk selalu memperhatikan informasi terkini agar tidak ketinggalan hasil keluaran togel Kamboja yang terbaru. Data dan Statistik Kamboja Dalam dunia togel Kamboja, data dan statistik memainkan peran yang sangat penting untuk membantu para pemain membuat keputusan yang lebih baik. Dengan melakukan analisis terhadap keluaran kamboja sebelumnya, para pemain dapat mengidentifikasi pola yang mungkin muncul dalam nomor yang diundi. Hal ini tidak hanya memberikan wawasan tentang trend terkini tetapi juga dapat meningkatkan peluang mereka untuk menang. Setiap hasil keluaran cambodia dicatat secara sistematis, dan informasi ini dapat diakses oleh pemain melalui berbagai situs togel kamboja. Data ini mencakup nomor yang keluar pada setiap sesi pengundian, serta frekuensi kemunculan setiap nomor. Dengan memiliki data yang lengkap dan akurat, para pemain dapat merancang strategi bermain yang lebih efektif berdasarkan informasi yang tersedia. Selain itu, live draw cambodia menjadi sumber yang sangat berharga bagi para penggemar togel. Menyaksikan langsung pengundian memberikan rasa kepercayaan dan transparansi bagi pemain. Dengan mengamati pengeluaran cambodia secara real-time, mereka dapat lebih yakin mengenai keluaran dan data kamboja yang sedang berlaku. Semua informasi ini menambah dimensi analitis dalam permainan, membuatnya lebih menarik dan strategis bagi para bettor. Live Draw Kamboja Live draw Kamboja adalah salah satu momen paling dinanti oleh para pemain togel. Dalam live draw ini, hasil keluaran bisa disaksikan secara langsung, memberikan kepastian dan transparansi bagi seluruh peserta. Proses pengundian dilakukan secara profesional dan terjamin, sehingga memberikan rasa aman kepada pemain terkait keakuratan hasil yang dikeluarkan. Mengikuti live draw Kamboja kini semakin mudah dengan adanya berbagai situs togel yang menyediakan layanan streaming langsung. Pemain dapat menonton draw secara real-time dari mana saja dan kapan saja melalui perangkat yang mereka miliki. Ini membuat pengalaman bermain togel semakin menarik dan interaktif, karena pemain bisa merasakan momen ketegangan saat angka yang mereka tunggu-tunggu diumumkan. Selain itu, live draw Kamboja sering kali disertai dengan analisis hasil keluaran yang dilakukan oleh para ahli togel. Data dan informasi terkait pengeluaran sebelumnya dapat digunakan sebagai referensi bagi pemain untuk menentukan nomor yang akan dimainkan di sesi berikutnya. Dengan demikian, live draw bukan hanya sekadar acara untuk melihat hasil, tetapi juga menjadi ajang bagi komunitas togel untuk berdiskusi dan berbagi strategi permainan. keluaran cambodia

Pharmacy is an essential component of healthcare, providing medication to help patients live healthier lives. It is also an industry that has been around for centuries with examples of pharmacies in Europe dating back to medieval times. Many people think of their local drugstore when they think about pharmacy, but there are also a number of online pharmacies that operate around the world. Whether it’s for convenience or to save money, people are using online pharmacies in increasing numbers. However, it is important to know the differences between an online pharmacy and a traditional one. Pharmacies can offer both prescription and non-prescription medications. They can be used to treat a variety of ailments including the common cold, allergies, high blood pressure, and heart disease. There are even pharmacies that provide vaccines and other preventive health services. A pharmacist’s job is to ensure that a patient receives the right medicine at the right dosage. In order to do so, they must analyze the patient’s health history, diet, lifestyle, and other drugs they are taking. A good pharmacist will be able to answer most questions you may have about your medicine. They can explain what the medicine is for, how often you should take it, and any side effects that might occur. They can also give you advice on healthy living. For example, your pharmacist can tell you how to eat well and get enough exercise while on certain medications. In addition to offering a wide range of prescription and over-the-counter medication, many pharmacies have been offering medical equipment for rent, such as crutches or bandages. They can also provide information on how to dispose of unused or expired medication to avoid them falling into the wrong hands. They are also well-versed in all the current laws and regulations regarding pharmaceuticals, ensuring your safety. As the demand for medical care continues to increase, pharmacy will play an increasingly important role in healthcare. This will require a new kind of pharmacist: an outcomes-oriented one who works in partnership with the patient and their healthcare team to optimize their quality of life and produce effective clinical outcomes at a reasonable cost. A virtual pharmacy solution offers a way to do just that. Rather than relying on a retail network of pharmacists, this type of solution allows your employees to connect directly with a centralized team of pharmacists, no matter their location. This means that your employees in urban Miami can have the same level of service as their colleague in rural Montana. It’s a more efficient and safer way to deliver pharmacy benefits.

Cancer is a disease that develops when the cells in your body start growing and dividing out of control. It can spread to other parts of your body, where it forms new tumours or may pass on to other people through the blood or lymph system. Cancer occurs when the genetic instructions in your cells are damaged or lost. These instructions, called genes, control how the cell grows and divides. They also determine whether a cell will keep growing or stop. Each cell has many genes, which are long chains of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that contain the code for the building blocks of every living organism. Cancer-causing mutations usually accumulate over a long period of time and affect different parts of the cell in a different way. Most cancers start in cells that line blood vessels or lines muscle tissue. These cells can become precancerous or cancerous and grow and reproduce quickly. As these cells continue to multiply and evolve, they accumulate more and more changes in their DNA. These changes are what make them different from normal cells. Over time, these mutations can cause cells to begin to grow and divide without control and form tumours. A tumour is a mass of abnormal cells that can grow into nearby tissues and structures, including nerves, bones, skin, or organs. The tumour can block the flow of blood through the area and prevent the normal cells from getting enough oxygen or nutrients. Cancer cells also break down or destroy normal tissue when they grow and spread. Some types of cancer start in the blood, such as leukaemia or lymphoma. These cancers aren’t considered solid tumours, but rather a disease that affects the blood and bone marrow. The first signs of cancer may be pain or a lump in your skin. Other symptoms include feeling tired or being unable to concentrate. Cancer can also cause you to lose weight or gain weight, and your bowel movements may change. When a tumour is diagnosed, tests will be done to find out how big it is and how much it has spread from where it started. This information is used to decide which treatments are best for you. Your doctor will talk to you about the stage of your cancer. In recent years, researchers have transformed the way that cancer is treated. There are now more treatment options than ever before, and doctors are better able to find many cancers in their early stages and treat them before they can spread. Some cancers can still sneak past the immune system, but there are ways to help your body fight back. Some treatments use special medicines to “mark” cancer cells so that your immune system can find them more easily. Others use heat, radiation or chemicals to kill cancer cells or make them shrink. Other therapies use stem cells to replace your cancerous or damaged ones and stop them from forming more tumours. These types of treatments are called immunotherapy.

Medicine is a profession that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Modern medical practice is based on scientific research. The medical field is often divided into specialties that focus on particular organ systems or disease classes. Specialties may also focus on particular methods of diagnosis or procedure. For example, obstetrics and gynecology is a specialty that deals with pregnancy and childbirth. In contrast, gastroenterology is a specialty that deals with the digestive tract and intestines. The medical profession is regulated in many jurisdictions. Physicians must have a degree from an accredited medical school and pass a licensing exam to become qualified to practice medicine. During the process of becoming a licensed physician, physicians study extensively and are required to complete multiple internships and residencies. Depending on the medical specialty, there may be additional board certification requirements. In addition to physicians, other health care professionals who provide direct patient care are nurses, emergency medical technicians and paramedics, pharmacists, laboratory scientists, dietitians, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, respiratory therapists, psychologists and social workers. Medical scribes and medical secretaries also provide support services. Medical records are usually stored on computer systems and may be accessed by health care providers and patients through electronic means. History of medicine Medicine as a science and profession dates back thousands of years. Early Western medicine was based on herbs and the Greek idea of the four humors. Hippocrates laid the foundation for a rational approach with his Hippocratic Oath. In the 19th century, scientific biomedical research began to replace ancient traditions based on herbalism and the four humours. Modern medicine is a rapidly evolving discipline. New technologies allow for molecular biology and genomics to be applied to medicine. This knowledge is helping to develop drugs with fewer side effects. Other advances include regenerative medicine, which attempts to repair damaged tissue using stem cells. Within medicine, most subspecialties fit into two broad categories: “Medicine” and “Surgery.” Most of the sub-specialties in Medicine require preliminary training in Internal Medicine, which in the United Kingdom leads to the Membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP). Surgery involves performing operative manual and instrumental techniques on living organisms to diagnose or treat diseases or injuries. Forensic medicine is the application of medical knowledge to legal questions, such as determining the time and cause of death or reconstructing a face for identification purposes after a skull fracture. In the future, genetic engineering and nanotechnology will likely play a major role in the development of new medicines. Traditional medical disciplines, such as anthropology and psychology, will continue to be relevant, but the scope of medicine will expand to address new problems and challenges. The societal benefits of this expansion will be tremendous. As the world’s population continues to grow, medical knowledge will be essential to maintaining good health and preventing disease. Ultimately, the goal of medicine will be to achieve the optimum quality of life for all people. This will be accomplished through the prevention and cure of diseases, rehabilitation after injury or illness, and the improvement of the overall human condition.

Togel Hongkong atau yang sering kita sebut HK, telah menjadi salah satu permainan yang paling populer di Indonesia. Dengan beragamnya jenis permainan yang ditawarkan, serta kemudahan akses melalui situs togel online, tidak heran jika banyak orang yang tertarik untuk mencoba peruntungannya. Para pemain tentu tidak hanya bergantung pada keberuntungan semata, tetapi juga mencari strategi dan prediksi terbaik untuk meningkatkan peluang mereka dalam meraih kemenangan. Dalam panduan ini, kita akan mengupas tuntas mengenai togel Hongkong, termasuk informasi mengenai keluaran hk terkini, data hk yang bisa dianalisis, serta tips dan bocoran dari para pakar togel. Setiap hari, togel hari ini menjadi sorotan yang dinantikan, dan banyak pemain yang intens menyaksikan live draw hk untuk mendapatkan hasil yang akurat. Mari kita jelajahi lebih dalam tentang dunia togel Hongkong dan temukan strategi terbaik yang bisa kamu terapkan. Strategi Bermain Togel Hongkong Dalam bermain togel Hongkong, penting untuk memiliki strategi yang baik agar peluang menang lebih besar. Salah satu strategi yang dapat diterapkan adalah menganalisis data keluaran hk sebelumnya. Dengan mempelajari pola angka yang sering muncul, pemain bisa membuat prediksi yang lebih akurat. Data hk yang lengkap dan terkini bisa ditemukan di situs togel hongkong, yang menyediakan informasi mendetail tentang pengeluaran hk setiap harinya. Selain itu, penting untuk menentukan anggaran bermain. Pemain sebaiknya tidak melebihi batas yang telah ditentukan, agar tetap dalam kendali dan terhindar dari kerugian besar. Mengelola modal dengan bijak akan membuat permainan togel online menjadi lebih menyenangkan dan tidak membebani keuangan. Salah satu pendekatan yang bisa dilakukan adalah dengan membagi dana untuk beberapa kupon, sehingga meningkatkan peluang menang sekaligus meminimalkan risiko. Terakhir, bergabung dengan komunitas pemain togel online juga bisa memberikan keuntungan. Diskusi dan berbagi informasi dengan sesama pemain dapat memberikan bocoran hk yang berguna. Selain itu, berbagai situs togel hongkong sering kali menawarkan promo dan bonus yang menarik, sehingga memudahkan pemain untuk mendapatkan pengalaman bermain yang lebih baik. Dengan memanfaatkan semua sumber daya yang ada, pemain bisa mengasah strateginya dan meningkatkan kemungkinan sukses di toto hk. Prediksi Togel Hari Ini Prediksi togel hari ini menjadi salah satu hal yang banyak dicari oleh para pemain judi togel hongkong. Setiap pemain tentu ingin mendapatkan angka-angka yang tepat agar bisa meraih kemenangan. Dalam membuat prediksi, banyak faktor yang bisa dipertimbangkan, seperti hasil keluaran sebelumnya, pola angka, serta analisis data hk yang akurat. Memperhatikan statistik dan tren dari data hk bisa menjadi kunci dalam menentukan angka yang mungkin keluar. Bocoran hk juga sering kali menjadi sorotan para pemain yang ingin meningkatkan peluang mereka. Banyak sumber yang menyediakan bocoran angka, namun pemain perlu bijak dalam memilah informasi. Tidak semua bocoran dapat dipercaya, sehingga penting untuk melakukan analisis sendiri dengan menggunakan data pengeluaran hk yang sudah ada. Dengan mencermati hasil-hasil sebelumnya, pemain dapat membuat strategi yang lebih matang. Selain itu, mengikuti live draw hk bisa memberikan keuntungan tersendiri. Melalui live hongkong, pemain bisa melihat hasil keluaran secara langsung dan merasa lebih dekat dengan permainan. Dengan mengawasi hasil hk hari ini secara real-time, pemain dapat mengantisipasi hasil-hasil berikutnya dan memperbaiki strategi prediksi mereka. Menggabungkan informasi dari berbagai sumber, termasuk situs togel hongkong dan bandar togel online, dapat membantu pemain dalam meraih angka keberuntungan. pengeluaran hk Hasil dan Keluaran Terbaru Dalam dunia togel Hongkong, hasil dan keluaran terbaru menjadi informasi yang sangat dinantikan oleh para pemain. Setiap harinya, pengeluaran hk memberikan data terkini mengenai nomor-nomor yang keluar, yang kemudian dapat diakses melalui berbagai situs togel online. Keluaran ini sangat penting untuk pemain yang ingin melakukan analisis dan prediksi untuk permainan selanjutnya. Situs Hongkong Pools menjadi sumber resmi yang menyediakan informasi mengenai hasil togel secara langsung. Live draw hk yang disiarkan secara online memungkinkan para pemain untuk menyaksikan penarikan nomor secara real-time. Dengan cara ini, para pemain dapat memastikan keakuratan hasil yang mereka peroleh dan mendapatkan pengalaman lebih mendebarkan. 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Health is a multifaceted concept, ranging from the ability to manage symptoms of chronic illness to the capacity for enjoyment in life. A growing body of evidence shows that health is a dynamic process, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. This shift in thinking invites new ways of assessing resiliency and the resources for adaptation. It also calls for attention to the settings in which people strive to be healthy and the broader conditions that shape their lives. In 1948, the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted a definition of health that emphasized a positive conception rather than one based on the absence of pathology. This broad view of health expanded on earlier conceptualizations by embracing mental and social dimensions. Unfortunately, this definition was limited by the knowledge available at the time. Today, medical advances may reveal that an individual previously thought to be healthy was actually suffering from an undetected condition. To be healthy, a person must be able to manage the demands of daily living, as well as maintain the resources necessary for self-determination and social participation. In order to do so, an individual must possess the flexibility to change as needs and circumstances arise, as well as have access to the supports necessary to cope with stressors that cannot be changed, such as genetic disorders or aging. For example, an allergic reaction can range from mildly uncomfortable to dangerous, depending on the extent of the person’s sensitivity. A person with a chronic allergy can still experience good health if they have a flexible schedule and can avoid the allergens that trigger it. However, if an allergy causes work restrictions or the inability to participate in certain activities with family and friends, a person can no longer be considered healthy. It is important for individuals, researchers and policymakers to think broadly about the concepts of health. In contrast to disease, which is a recognizable and often easily defined entity, the notion of health is more difficult to define. For this reason, there is a tendency to focus attention on specific diseases or behaviors. Funding streams for both research and the delivery of services reinforce this approach. A broader definition of health would encourage the identification of a wider range of targets for intervention. For instance, a community’s health can be improved by reducing teen pregnancies and alcohol and drug abuse. These factors can be influenced by interventions that provide education, support parenting skills and encourage community involvement. There is a strong relationship between health and the conditions in which people live, work, learn and grow. These are called the determinants of health. They include a wide variety of things such as general socioeconomic and environmental factors; culture, habits, beliefs and values; living and working conditions; and social and personal relationships. They can be risk or protective factors and may be either structural or behavioral. In addition, these determinants are interrelated and affect each other in complex ways.

Pharmacy is a healthcare profession that focuses on the right way to use, store, preserve and provide medicine. This includes advising on how to take medicines and any potential side effects. Pharmacists also play a crucial role in the research and testing of new drugs. Pharmacists can work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, medical clinics and universities. The pharmacist is a member of the patient care team, and helps doctors and nurses to prescribe the best possible medication for a person’s specific health condition. They are trained to answer any questions you might have about your medicines and can also advise on other aspects of your health such as diet and lifestyle. There is a growing recognition that pharmacy professionals are important members of the healthcare team, with the ability to help improve outcomes and reduce costs. Studies have shown that when pharmacists are involved in patient care, medication use is reduced, and patients are more satisfied with their care. In addition, pharmacists provide important preventative services such as administering vaccines and offering advice on how to live a healthy lifestyle. Pharmacists are also responsible for managing the drug inventory in a pharmacy, and this involves ensuring the correct supply of both prescription and non-prescription drugs. They have the knowledge and skills to ensure that the correct medicine is available at the right time, and are well-informed about the latest advances in medical technology and the most recent research on the effectiveness of medicines. The pharmacy profession has been around for thousands of years. Many ancient civilizations used plants and other natural products as medicines, and early pharmacological texts have been preserved in writing. The oldest known compilation of medicine is the Sushruta Samhita, an Indian Ayurvedic text dating back to the 6th century BC. Later, pharmacological information was recorded in papyri such as the Ebers and Edwin Smith Papyrus from the 16th century BC. Today, pharmacists are licensed in all states and territories across the country and work in a wide range of settings. Many people live within five miles of a pharmacy, and most pharmacies offer 24-hour service. In the United States, to become a pharmacist, you must graduate from a pharmacy school and pass the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) and Multistate Pharmacy Jurisprudence Exam. You must also be licensed by your state’s board of pharmacy. Some states also have additional licensing requirements, such as a background check. Pharmacy is an exciting and dynamic field that provides numerous opportunities for personal and professional growth. The pathway programme at Liverpool John Moores University International Study Centre is designed to prepare you for a career in this vital industry. Contact us to find out more about how a pharmacy degree can open doors for a rewarding and fulfilling career.